Analyzing the Numbers: Does the Math Add Up?
Recent years have seen a significant increase in the number of FBS players entering the transfer portal. In 2024, approximately 3,309 players entered, and by 2025, that figure rose to 4,187. Notably, about 30% of those athletes failed to secure a spot on another Division I roster, leaving more than 1,250 players without a team. This raises important questions: Are programs truly restocking their rosters, or just shuffling existing talent among themselves?
Challenges of Restocking Through the Transfer Portal
Much discussion centers on leveraging the transfer portal to 'restock' teams. However, assembling enough premium talent to genuinely compete for a championship is a complex task. Teams must also synchronize the arrival of such talent with the college progression timeline—freshman, sophomore, junior, senior. The variety of football schemes, individual program styles, and additional factors such as injuries, personal circumstances, coaching changes, and university budgets further complicate the process. When all these variables are considered, finding talent that truly fits is a daunting challenge, with countless possible outcomes.
The Odds of Reaching and Succeeding in the NFL
Out of an estimated 73,000 NCAA football players, only 250 to 300 are drafted each year, representing an annual yield of just 0.4%. Approximately 1.6% of NCAA athletes are drafted into the NFL, but if success is defined as playing multiple seasons or becoming a starter, only 1% of NFL players achieve this. The average NFL career lasts 3.3 years, and just 20% of players remain beyond their third season.
Recruiting NFL-Caliber Talent: Risks and Realities
Each season, the challenge is to attract as many "NFL potential" players as possible, but this comes with risk. Even if a team secures top talent, there is no guarantee of their availability when needed, due to health concerns. Up to 91% of college athletes suffer an injury during their careers, with overuse injuries accounting for nearly 30%. Furthermore, career-ending injuries affect 8–12% of players—an unsurprising statistic in such a high-contact sport.
Competitive Disparity and the Impact on Team Success
Given these realities, only a few programs can consistently compete for the most elite players. Teams lacking premium talent often struggle against top-tier opponents. The playoff appearances of JMU and Tulane highlight the importance of coaching, discipline, and culture, but ultimately, physical advantages like mass and velocity cannot be overcome by these factors alone.
The Divide Between Programs: "Haves" and "Have Nots"
The landscape is increasingly split between well-resourced programs and those without. Even major conferences such as the Big Ten, SEC, and ACC have several teams that fall short of the powerhouses. The group of "haves" is limited to about 20 schools with sufficient resources. Division II football is poised for a shift away from its traditional model. The transfer portal now resembles free agency in professional sports, offering valuable lessons in player movement and team building.
Economic Sustainability: Is the Current Model Viable?
College football’s economics need not be entirely linked to the NFL and its 32 franchises, but the current approach is unsustainable. The numbers simply do not support the idea that enough players are available to maintain championship-level competition across the board. The math, when it comes to recruiting and retaining the necessary talent, just doesn’t add up.